Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss
<p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences </span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">(CUEJHSS) is a biannual academic journal published by the Cihan University-Erbil. CUEJHSS a periodical journal publishes original researches in the Arabic, Kurdish and English langauges, and in all areas of Social Sciences, including Humanities, Economics, Law, etc.CUEJSS is a Peer-Reviewed Open Access journal with Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). CUEJHSS provides immediate, worldwide, barrier-free access to the full text of research articles without requiring a subscription to the journal, and has no article processing charge (APC). CUEJHSS applies the highest standards to everything it does and adopts APA citation/referencing style. CUEJHSS Section Policy includes Original Research Articles. CUEJHSS has p-ISSN: 2709-8648. It is a member of the ROAD with e-ISSN: <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2707-6342#">2707-6342</a> and a member of the Crossref a doi: <a href="http://doi.org/10.24086/issn.2707-6342">10.24086/issn.2707-6342</a></span></p>en-US<p>Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:<br>1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.<br>2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.<br>3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).</p>[email protected] (Prof. Amjad S. Dalawi)[email protected] (Prof. Salah I. Yhaya)Wed, 01 Jan 2025 12:51:10 +0000OJS 3.1.1.4http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss60Moderating Effect of Application of Accounting Technology on Audit Quality
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1069
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span class="c-pjlv">This study examines the moderating effect of accounting technology (AT) on audit quality. Primary data were sourced from hundred and fourteen auditors in private practice using a questionnaire drawn on a four-point Likert scale. Both the internal reliability and validity of the instrument were established. Three hundred and eighty-nine participants filled and returned, while three hundred and sixty two were found valid for the study and subjected to analysis using a regression model to test hypotheses one and two while the third hypothesis was subjected to LSM-SEM. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive significant (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.554, Pvalue = 0.000) moderating effect of AT on the technical quality of audits and on the service quality of audits (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.840, p-value = 0.000). The joint moderating effect of AT was found to have a substantial, positive, and significant effect (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> of 0.849, Pvalue = 0.000) on audit quality, while Q<sup>2</sup> of 0.540 established the fact that there is a large degree of relevance of the structural model employed for the joint effect. It is therefore recommended that standard-setting boards provide the necessary guidelines to drive audit quality in this era of accounting technology. Additionally, there is a need to conduct studies with a wider scope across regions.</span></p>Amos O. Akinola, Peter S. Daramola, Timilehin E. Adenle
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1069Wed, 01 Jan 2025 08:23:25 +0000A comparison Analysis of Knowledge Management Process in International and Local Non-governmental Organizations Operating in Northeast Syria
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1148
<p>This study examines the Knowledge Management (KM) processes within International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and Local Non-Governmental Organizations (LNGOs) operating in Northeast Syria (NES), We employ a survey methodology that comprises 34 items and measures four key KM processes: Building Knowledge, Holding Knowledge, Pooling Knowledge, and Using Knowledge. The survey was internet-based and distributed to both INGOs and LNGOs employees in NES Through a multi-stage approach utilizing volunteer and convenience sampling techniques, which achieved 101 responses. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, including reliability tests, and mean comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for hypothesis testing. Results indicate significant differences in Building and Using Knowledge between INGOs and LNGOs, with no significant differences in holding and pooling Knowledge. Which reflected in that INGOs exhibit a top-down approach to knowledge building, emphasizing learning from managers and experts. Conversely, LNGOs favor a more grassroots approach, highlighting innovation and improvement at the individual level. The study suggests that future research should explore the practical implications of KM processes within NGOs to enhance organizational performance and mission fulfillment. Specifically, an in-depth investigation into why LNGOs lag in holding knowledge compared to INGOs.</p>Nechirvan A. Othman, Bartok I. Istivan
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1148Wed, 01 Jan 2025 08:26:50 +0000The Portrayal of Female Leadership in Caryl Churchill’s Top Girls
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1147
<p>This study is an attempt to discuss the notion of feminism in Caryl Churchill’s <em>Top Girls </em>(1982). The plot mainly surrounds the success of women in a society in which they had been considered as the second sex, as described by the French feminist figure Simone de Beauvoir’s <em>The Second Sex</em> (1949). Her theories on feminism and gender roles have been continuously applied to interpreting literary texts. Therefore, this article tries to integrate de Beauvoir’s theory on feminism into <em>Top Girls</em>. It explores how different generations of women are presented in the play and the way they have struggled with patriarchal rules. Moreover, it tries to explore how the play discusses the themes of; sisterhood, motherhood, abortion, socialism, and capitalism. The study shows how women are perceived in society when they choose a career over motherhood. It discusses the main character’s role as she reaches the top of her career, despite all the obstacles she faces as a female in a patriarchal society.</p>Ala B. Ahmed, Meram S.S. Mohamad
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1147Wed, 01 Jan 2025 08:38:03 +0000Examination of Students' Social Entrepreneurial an Observational Test
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1216
<p>This paper examines the disparity between male and female Syrian university students in enhancing intellectual awareness and developing entrepreneurial skills in the charitable sector. It explores how these influential groups can contribute to activating the roles of institutions and individuals in serving society humanely. The study's hypotheses were based on variables such as entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy, perceived social support, moral obligation, and empathy. Results support the existence of gender differences among private university students. Findings reveal that many Syrians have the potential and strong desire to become social entrepreneurs despite facing significant economic and social challenges. The study also underscores the urgent need for systematic education for those addressing social issues in Syria. It recommends that Syrian educational institutions incorporate courses on social entrepreneurship, possibly through relevant elective courses.</p>Zainab Y. Alsheikhly, Raz A. Jalal, Qusay H. Al-Salami
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1216Wed, 01 Jan 2025 14:35:29 +0000The Relationship between Lecturers’ Teaching Styles and Students’ Motivation
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1158
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This study seeks to examine the relationship between lecturers’ teaching styles and the level of motivation displayed by students in medical departments at Cihan University-Erbil. It aimed to analyze lecturers’ various teaching styles, assess students’ motivation, and examine their relationships. The researchers modified the Grasha-Riechmann (2002) survey, which included 20 statements divided into five styles: expert, formal authority, demonstrator, facilitator, and delegator. The survey was distributed to 25 lecturers and 247 medical students from diverse medical departments. Each style was classed based on its mean score, standard deviation, minimum score, and highest score. Students’ motivation levels were tested using a t-test. In addition, ten random classroom observations were carried out. The findings demonstrated that lecturers’ teaching styles varied according to their field, student cohort size, and educational environment. The most common style was expert (teacher-centered), followed by facilitator (student-centered), demonstrator (teacher-student), formal authority (teacher-centered), and delegator (student-centered). The implementation of various teaching styles by lecturers enhanced student motivation, indicating a correlation between teaching styles and student motivation levels.</span></p>Dashne A. Saeed
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1158Wed, 01 Jan 2025 14:38:38 +0000A Critical Analysis of the Liberal International Order
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1031
<p>People generally understand that the liberal international system came about after World War II and reached its peak around 1990. As the Soviet Union or what is called the Eastern campus fell apart, it paved the way for the US-led Western nations to take over and become the main driving force in international politics, changing the dynamics of the international system, and shifting the way things work on the global stage, moving from a bipolar into a unipolar system, making the United States the sole power. In addition, spreading the political and economic principles of liberal international order where the foundation of the system is shaped by these two<br>fundamental pathways. However, over the last few years, the United States has encountered certain difficulties in upholding its dominance and advocating for its established system. The economic path might be manageable, but the political approach of democratic peace seems to be creating more divisions around the world. Difficulties, such as the emergence of influential regional players such as China and Russia, as well as the war in Ukraine, which is not just a regional conflict but a trial for the position of the existing global system. Therefore, the paper sheds light on the challenges confronting the current international order and the role of American leadership by analyzing historical developments, geopolitical dynamics, and ideological shifts, and the paper aims to illuminate the intricacies of this transition.</p>Dana M.D. Sajadi
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1031Wed, 01 Jan 2025 14:42:01 +0000Capability Process to Optimize Specification by Impact of Wavelet Analysis
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1232
<p>This study investigates the impact of wavelet analysis on optimizing specification in the capability process. A new approach called the New Hybrid Capability Wavelet Approach (NHCWA) is proposed, which utilizes wavelet analysis to filter noise and outliers in the data. The study compares the NHCWA with the classical capability process using a dataset from a cake factory. The Coiflet 4 wavelet family and soft thresholding are employed to denoise the data. The results demonstrate that the NHCWA significantly improves the capability indices, achieving a 50% increase in Cp and a 30% increase in Cpk compared to the classical approach. Additionally, the NHCWA reduces the standard deviation of the process by 20%. These findings highlight the potential of wavelet analysis in enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of capability analysis, leading to improved quality control in manufacturing processes.</p>Hogr M. Qader, Hawkar Q. Birdawod, Hevi M. Qader, Bekhal S. Sedeeq
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1232Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000China’s Economic Engagement in the Middle East
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1118
<p> The Middle East centers are approached by China and focus on promoting development as a means to address the region’s challenges. China’s geo-economics strategy for the broader Middle East primarily revolves around an external trade and industrial approach. This approach integrates geopolitical considerations with economic policies, effectively exporting industrial capacities. In essence, it functions as both a geo-industrial policy and a concurrent trade strategy. It offers a developmental model as a blueprint, prioritizes partnerships over alliances, and recognizes a crucial reality. Nonetheless, the instability of the US special program in the Middle East posed a fresh challenge to the future progress of bilateral relations. Importantly, China’s Middle East policy has not remained unchanged, its swift adaptations have injected energy into the positive growth of Sino-Arab bilateral relations. As China’s involvement in the Arab region and nearby areas grows, so does its influence on the global stage. This is what China seeks to achieve with all its capabilities and potential. The paper seeks to examine the role of China’s economic influence on the Middle East.</p> <p> </p>Dana M.D Sajadi, Waqar Ahmad
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1118Mon, 20 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000A Post-colonial Approach to Displacement and Home in “At the Border” by Choman Hardi (1974) and “Home” by Warsan Shire (1988)
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1298
<p>This study examines the themes of displacement and home from post-colonial and psychological perspectives in two poems; “At the Border” by Choman Hardy (1974) and “Home” by Warsan Shire (1988). Both poems illustrate the harrowing experiences of refugees, emphasizing the emotional and psychological ramifications of compelled travel. This research employs a comparative analysis that merges post-colonial theory with psychological insights on trauma and identity, investigating how Hardy and Shire employ literary techniques, narrative voices, and symbolic representations to convey the intricacies of exile, belonging, and selfhood. The results indicate that both poets utilize vivid imagery and fractured structures to depict the dissolution of home and identity within the framework of post-colonial displacement. Hardy’s depiction of borderland pain underscores the political aspects of migration, illustrating the colonial legacy that influences the refugee experience, whereas Shire’s art accentuates the psychological anguish and communal longing for home. The study illustrates how both works contest Western notions of home and identity, providing a critical examination of the lasting psychological effects of colonialism on displaced individuals.</p>Mariwan N. Hasan
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1298Thu, 30 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000The Impact of AI-Enhanced Digital Marketing Strategies on Consumers’ Purchase Intention for Lifestyle Products
https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1293
<p>The impact of Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital marketing practices on consumer purchase intention toward lifestyle goods is the focus of this research and aims at analyzing the mediating role of consumer motivation (CM) in the relationship between consumer attitude (CA) and purchase behavior (PB) toward lifestyle products. The study uses descriptive research design to understand CA, motivation, and PB. The study is based on 577 responses collected from Uttar Pradesh state (India). Structural equation modeling was carried out with the help of SmartPLS. Evidence shows a robust relationship between consumers’ attitude, motivation and PB, and an optimistic outlook on AI-driven marketing campaigns is likely to inspire more action, given the robust positive correlation between customer attitude and motivation. The study also emphasizes the importance of CM as a mediator in the relationship between CA and PB. It emphasizes the strategic tools for improving PB in the dynamic digital marketing landscape, which include cultivating a positive CA. The study contributes to the theory by highlighting CM as a critical mediator linking CA s to PB for lifestyle products, advancing understanding of the attitude-behavior relationship in consumer behavior models. Managerially, it underscores the importance of designing marketing strategies that enhance CM, such as personalized engagement, value-driven messaging, and emotional appeal. By fostering motivation, brands can effectively translate positive attitudes into stronger PB, driving sales and long-term consumer loyalty in the lifestyle segment. </p>Ali Ghufran, Waqar Ahmad
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https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuejhss/article/view/1293Mon, 10 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000