The Use of the Results of Facial Recognition Technology as an Operational Investigative Activity in Contemporary Criminal Proceedings
A Comparative Critical Analysis of the Iraqi Cybercrime Project
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v9n2y2025.pp89-95Keywords:
Facial Recognition Technology, Operational Investigative Activity, Contemporary Criminal Proceedings, Digital Evidence, Iraqi Cybercrime Law, combating crimeAbstract
Facial recognition technology (FRT), an application of artificial intelligence algorithms using surveillance cameras and contemporary technology, functions as digital evidence in algorithmic criminology. FRT captures facial characteristics such as ears, mouth, eyes, chin, and cheeks, which are then treated as conventional scientific evidence in criminal investigations. Its current applications include identity verification at border crossings, airports, and ATMs. The study examines FRT's problematic application in contemporary criminal proceedings, particularly in criminal evidence, using descriptive and analytical approaches to highlight its relevance. The research aims to legally understand FRT and demonstrate its importance as an operational investigative activity in modern criminal proceedings, reviewing arguments for and against its use. The study found FRT plays a significant role in criminal evidence and has a preventive function in administrative control. Recommendations include ensuring the legitimacy of FRT's purpose and methods, usage in public spaces, and consideration of individual privacy rights. Furthermore, the study stresses the necessity of digital and technical training for judicial and investigative officers through specialized courses bridging legal science and digital technology. The study recommends amending the Iraqi draft cybercrime law to include safeguards protecting individuals' privacy. It asserts that facial recognition technology in investigations must align with constitutional guarantees overseen by public prosecution and judicial supervision.
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