Full-Smart Intermittent Water Supply Monitoring, Managing, and Distributing System Based on IoT

Case Study at Soran City

Keywords: ESP32, fair water distribution, intermittent water distribution system, internet of things, smart water meter

Abstract

Water supply scarcity has become a serious problem for many countries and cities, especially in the last few years when there has been less rain in many areas. So, managing, monitoring, and distributing the water supply and consumption of the people has become an urgent task for many local and national governments. Monitoring how the water is used by the population in different regions helps a lot in the more efficient management of the water supply, thus helping in solving the water scarcity problem. The proposed system includes continuous water level monitoring of wells and storage reservoirs in the city, as well as continuous monitoring of the daily water consumption needs of each household in each neighborhood based on a group of criteria such as the number of residents, the area of green space, and the temperature of the air. This is followed by a fair amount of water being automatically distributed at regular periods to each consumer based on the estimated total amount of water. This is done through smart water meters, remote actuation of valves, and remote water pumps based on IoT devices, which are all under the supervision of a web-based system. Moreover, an application has been developed for use by consumers so that they can monitor their water consumption, be informed about the next water distribution time and the amount of predicted water, check the water meter status, check the air in water pipes, and water bill inquiry and payment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Mohammed M. Ahmed, Information Technology Department, Soran Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Kurdistan ‎Region, Iraq

Mohammed Mustafa Ahmed is a member of the department of IT at Soran Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University. He earned a B.Sc. in information technology from the Technical College of Informatics of Sulaimani Polytechnic University. Currently, he is an MSc student in Computer Science and Information Technology at the College of Science at Salahaddin University-Erbil. His research interests are in smart control systems, IoT, machine learning, renewable energy, and medical devices.

Abdulqadir I. Abdullah, Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abdulqadir I. Abdullah is an assistant professor at the department of computer science, college of science, Knowledge University. He earned his B.Sc. degree from the college of engineering at Salahaddin University. He earned his MSc and Ph.D. in Computer system engineering from Tennessee State University in the USA. Dr. Abdulqadir has numerous research papers and has taught many undergraduate and graduate courses. His research interests are in the areas of smart control systems, wireless sensor networks, artificial intelligence, and image processing.

References

H. M. Corbella and D. S. Pujol. What lies behind domestic water use? A review essay on the drivers of domestic water consumption. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, vol. 50, pp. 297-314, 2009.

World Bank. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Assessing the Economic and Social Impact of the Syrian Conflict and ISIS, 2015. Available from: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/579451468305943474/pdf/958080PUB0Apri0PUBLIC09781464805486.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Jun 11].

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 2006: Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis. New York, 2006. Available from: https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents//human-developmentreport-2006-english.human-development-report- 006-english. [Last accessed on 2022 Jun 12].

UN. 2013 Water in Iraq Factsheet. UN, Iraq, 2013. Available from: https://www.iraqicivilsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ water-factsheet.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Jun 12].

KRG Ministry of Planning (MoP) & UNDP. Building the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Socio-Economic Infrastructures, 2012. Available from: https://us.gov.krd/media/1318/building-the-kurdistanregion-sociao-economic.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Jun 14].

B. J. Carragher, R. A. Stewart and C. D. Beal. Quantifying the influence of residential water appliance efficiency on average day diurnal demand patterns at an end use level: A precursor to optimized water service infrastructure planning. Resources Conservation and Recycling, vol. 62, pp. 81-90, 2012.

B. H. Hurd. Water conservation and residential landscapes: Household preferences, household choices. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 173-192, 2006.

D. D. J. Taylor, A. H. Slocum and A. J. Whittle. Demand satisfaction as a framework for understanding intermittent water supply systems. Water Resources Research, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 5217-5237, 2019.

A. W. Bivins. Estimating infection risks and the global burden of diarrheal disease attributable to intermittent water supply using QMRA. Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 51, no. 13, pp. 7542-7551, 2017.

Laspidou and A. Spyropoulou. Global dimensions of IWSnumber of people affected worldwide. In: Dealing with the Complex Interrelation of Intermittent Supply and Water Losses. IWA Publishing, London, pp. 5-16, 2017.

K. Vairavamoorthy, S. D. Gorantiwar and S. Mohan. Intermittent water supply under water scarcity situations. Water International, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 121-132, 2007.

M. De Marchis, C. M. Fontanazza, G. Freni, G. L. Loggia, E. Napoli, and V. Notaro. Analysis of the impact of intermittent distribution by modelling the network-filling process. Journal of Hydroinformatics, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 358-373, 2011.

Z. Zho, Q. Liu, Q. Ai and C. Xu. Intelligent monitoring and diagnosis for modern mechanical equipment based on the integration of embedded technology and FBGS technology. Measurement, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1499-1511, 2011.

S. C. Hsia, S. W. Hsu and Y. J. Chang. Remote monitoring and smart sensing for water meter system and leakage detection. IET Wireless Sensor Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 402-408, 2012.

M. J. Mudumbe and A. M. Abu-Mahfouz. Smart Water Meter System for User-Centric Consumption Measurement. In: 2015 IEEE 13th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), pp. 993-998, 2015.

M. Suresh, U. Muthukumar and J. Chandapillai. A Novel Smart Water-Meter Based on IoT and Smartphone App for City Distribution Management. In: 2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), pp. 1-5, 2017.

S. Chinnusamy. IoT Enabled Monitoring and Control of Water Distribution Network. In: 1st International WDSA/CCWI 2018 Joint Conference, pp. 23-25, 2018.

L. K. Narayanan and S. Sankaranarayanan. IoT Enabled Smart Water Distribution and Underground Pipe Health Monitoring Architecture for Smart Cities. In: 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), pp. 1-7, 2019.

C. S. Patel and J. A. Gaikwad. Design and Development of IOT based SMART Water Distribution Network for Residential Areas. In: 2019 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 2019.

N. Rapelli, A. Myakal, V. Kota and P. R. Rajarapollu. IOT Based Smart Water Management, Monitoring and Distribution System for an Apartment. In: 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS), pp. 440-443, 2019.

H. Sammaneh and M. Al-Jabi. IoT-Enabled Adaptive Smart Water Distribution Management System. In: 2019 International Conference on Promising Electronic Technologies (ICPET), pp. 40-44, 2019.

B. N. Devi, G. Kowsalya and R. Senbagam. Design and implementation of IOT based smart water distribution system. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, pp. 537-541, 2020.

H. Fuentes and D. Mauricio. Smart water consumption measurement system for houses using IoT and cloud computing. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 192, no. 9, pp. 1-16, 2020.

U. R. Nelakuditi, M. K. Shaik and N. Avula. Reliable and cost-effective smart water governing framework for industries and households. In: Smart Technologies for Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Springer, Germany, pp. 177-199, 2022.

Q. M. Bautista-de Los Santos, K. A. Chavarria and K. L. Nelson. Understanding the impacts of intermittent supply on the drinking water microbiome. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, vol. 57, pp. 167-174, 2019.

S. Gato, N. Jayasuriya and P. Roberts. Forecasting residential water demand: Case study. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 309-319, 2007.

M. Hoffmann, A. Worthington and H. Higgs. Urban water demand with fixed volumetric charging in a large municipality: The case of Brisbane, Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 347-359, 2006.

I. C. Mell. Green infrastructure: Reflections on past, present and future praxis. Landscape Research, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 135-145, 2017.

A. Mikhaylov, N. Moiseev, K. Aleshin and T. Burkhardt. Global climate change and greenhouse effect. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 2897, 2020.

J. Parker and M. E. Zingoni de Baro. Green infrastructure in the urban environment: A systematic quantitative review. Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 3182, 2019.

Published
2023-01-30
How to Cite
1.
Ahmed M, Abdullah A. Full-Smart Intermittent Water Supply Monitoring, Managing, and Distributing System Based on IoT. cuesj [Internet]. 30Jan.2023 [cited 24Apr.2024];7(1):8-0. Available from: https://journals.cihanuniversity.edu.iq/index.php/cuesj/article/view/775
Section
Research Article