Some Immunological and Hematological Parameters among Refugees in Kawergosk Camp – Erbil Governorate
Abstract
The study included 258 Syrian refugees of different ages and sex and another 60 volunteers as control group (C.G). These refugees were in Kawergosk camp in Erbil Governorate. Blood was collected from each individual for the estimation of white blood cell (WBC), eosinophil, iron, hemoglobin (Hb), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Mean serum levels of IgE among male and female refugees showed highly significant increasing when compared to C.G. Most of the refugees had normal iron levels, where iron concentrations were more than 65 mg/dl among 67 males and more than 50 mg/dl among 104 females and 48 children, while some had iron deficiency in which the majority were female (9 males, 24 females, and 6 children had iron deficiency). In addition, Hb concentrations were normal among 65 males (more than 13.0 g/dl), 89 females (more than 11.0 g/dl), and 48 children (more than 12.0 g/dl). However, anemia was found among 8 men, 42 women, and 6 children. It was revealed that there was a highly significant rising in eosinophils in male and female refugees in comparison to C.G. WBC count is non-significantly slightly increased in both male’s and female’s refugees when compared to C.G.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. “10 Things to know about the Health of Refugees and Migrants”. World Health Organization, 2019. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/featurestories/detail/10-things-to-know-about-the-health-of-refugeesand-migrants.
“Kurdistan Regional Government, Syrian Refugees in Erbil Governorate”, 2019. Available from: http://www.cabinet.gov.krd/p/ page.aspx?l=12&s=000000&r=401&p=483&h=1&t=407.
“Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; Migration and Health: Key Issues”. In: Health Topics, 2015. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/ migrationand-health/migrant-health-in-the-european-region migration-and-health-key-issues. [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 12].
Abdi. “A Hard Life for Kurds in the Makhmour Refugee Camp”, 2015. Available from: https://www.thekurdishproject. org/a-hard-life-for-kurds-in-makhmour-refugee-camp.
L. Smith. “What to know about High White Blood Cell Count, Medical News Today”, 2018. Available from: https://www. medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315133.php.
CDC. “Refugee Health Guidelines, Complete Blood Count with Red Blood Cell Indices, White Blood Cell Differential, and Platelet Count”, 2019. Available from: https://www.cdc. gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/domestic/general/ discussion/complete-blood-count.html.
A. C. Tiong, M. S. Patel, J. Gardiner, R. Ryan, K. S. Linton, K. A. Walker, J. Scopel and B. A. Biggs. “Health issues in newly arrived African refugees attending general practice clinics in Melbourne”. Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 185, pp. 602-606, 2006.
A. Catanzaro and R. J. Moser. “Health status of refugees from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia”. JAMA, vol. 247, pp. 1303-1308, 1982.
P. L. Geltman, M. Radin, Z. Zhang, J. Cochran and A. F. Meyers. “Growth status and related medical conditions among refugee children in Massachusetts, 1995-1998”. American Journal of Public Health, vol. 91, pp. 1800-1805, 2001.
E. B. Hayes, S. B. Talbot, E. S. Matheson, H. M. Pressler, A. B. Hanna and C. A. McCarthy. “Health status of pediatric refugees in Portland ME”. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 564-568, 1998.
W. M. Stauffer, D. Kamat and P. F. Walker. “Screening of international immigrants, refugees, and adoptees”. Primary Care, vol. 29, no. 4. pp. 879-905, 2002.
K. Pottie, P. Topp and F. Kilbertus. “Case report: Profound anemia. Chronic disease detection and global health disparities”. Canadian Family Physician, vol. 52, pp. 335-336, 2006.
T. A. Platts-Mills, P. W. Heymann, S. P. Commins and J. A. Woodfolk. “The discovery of IgE 50 years later”. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, vol. 116, pp. 179-182, 2016.
H. H. Bennich, K. Ishizaka, S. G. O. Johansson, D. S. Rowe, D. R. Stanworth and W. D. Terry. “Immunoglobulin E, a new class of human immunoglobulin”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 38, pp. 151-152, 1968.
K. Ishizaka, T. Ishizaka and M. M. Hornbrook. “Physicochemical properties of reaginic antibody. V. correlation of reaginic activity with γE globulin antibody”. Journal of Immunology, vol. 97, pp. 840-853, 1966.
H. J. Gould and B. J. Sutton. “IgE in allergy and asthma today”. Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 8, pp. 205-217, 2008.
B. J. Sutton, A. M. Davies, H. J. Bax and S. N. Karagiannis. “IgE Antibodies: From structure to function and clinical translation”. Antibodies, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 19, 2019.
A. H. van den Biggelaar, R. van Ree, L. C. Rodrigues, B. Lell, A. M. Deelder,P. G. Kremsner and M. Yazdanbakhsh. “Decreased atopy in children infected with Schistosoma haematobium: A role for parasite-induced interleukin-10”. Lancet, vol. 356, no. 9243, pp. 1723-1727, 2000.
P. J. Cooper, M. E. Chico, L. C. Rodrigues, M. Ordonez, D. Strachan, G. E. Griffin and T. B. Nutman. “Reduced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics”. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 995-1000, 2003.
G. M. Hunninghake, M. E. Soto-Quiros, L. Avila, N. P. Ly, C. Liang, J. S. Sylvia, B. W. Hollis and S. T. Weiss. “Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides and severity of childhood asthma in Costa Rica”. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 654-661, 2007.
S. Dold, J. Heinrich, H. E. Wichmann and M. Wjst. “Ascarisspecific IgE and allergic sensitization in a cohort of school children in the former East Germany. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 414-420, 1998.
M. M. Alshishtawy, A. M. Abdella, L. E. Gelber and M. D. Chapman. “Asthma in Tanta, Egypt: Serologic analysis of total and specific IgE antibody levels and their relationship to parasite infection”. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 348-354, 1991.
M. J. Sereda, S. Hartmann and R. Lucius. “Helminths and allergy: The example of tropomyosin”. Trends in Parasitology, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 272-278, 2008.
Copyright (c) 2019 Tanya S. Salih, Safa Safin Haydar, Muhsin H. Ubeid, Ameena S. M. Juma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0] that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
